Education

Airs & jumps

The jumps you'll actually see at Rocky Mountain Freestyle, what the codes mean, and video of the real thing. Air is worth up to 20 of the 100 points on offer — how well the jump is done, multiplied by how hard it is. Its real share of a score varies with the run: in 2025-26 it averaged 16% at COMP and 19% at FIS events.

DoD is the same at Devo, RQS, COMP and every FIS level (it is the FIS table). It changes only by gender.

The jumps you'll see

These 12 jumps account for most of the airs thrown at RMF this season, easiest first. Push play to watch each one. Degree of difficulty (DoD) is the multiplier the jump is worth.

Video coming soon
N

Neutral upright

A straight, neutral upright air. Allowed in divisional events.

DoD 0.46 COMPDevoRQS
S

Spread

Spread eagle: arms and legs extend out, skis stay parallel and evenly spread.

DoD 0.48 COMPDevoRQSFIS
T

Twister

Twister: the skis twist at least 90° to the fall line while staying parallel.

DoD 0.48 COMPDevoRQSFIS
K

Kosak

Kosak (cossack): legs lift and spread forward with the torso leaning in; skis near vertical.

DoD 0.51 COMPDevoRQSFIS
TS

Twister + spread

A twister straight into a spread eagle.

DoD 0.59 COMPDevoRQSFIS
3

360

360: one full spin on the up-down axis.

DoD 0.78 COMPDevoRQSFIS
bT

Back tuck

Single back flip in a tuck.

DoD 0.78 COMPFIS
bp

Back with position

Back flip with an upright position tucked in (often called a “Back X”).

DoD 0.81 COMPFIS
3p

360 position

360 with a held position (often called a "3-X").

DoD 0.81 COMPDevoRQSFIS
bG

Back grab

Back flip with a grab.

DoD 0.92 COMPFIS
7op

Cork 7 position

Cork 7 with a held position (an "X"/cross shown through the cork).

DoD 0.98 COMPFIS
7oG

Cork 7 grab

Cork 7 with a grab.

DoD 1.11 COMPFIS

N Neutral upright

What a good one looks like RMF

  • A straight, controlled upright air with no rotation.
  • Skis and body stay square and stable; judged as a clean, simple air.

How air is judged FIS

  • Judges reward purposeful motion: athleticism, control, balance and continuity through the whole jump.
  • The take-off sets the height and distance; the position or spin should be clearly and purposefully displayed.
  • Full control must be regained after the jump — land square to the fall line and absorb it. A poor landing caps the jump and also hurts the turn score.

Sources: Rocky Mountain Freestyle 2025-26 Competition Guide (Jump Definitions); FIS Freestyle Skiing Judging Handbook (Nov 2025), Moguls §6204.3. US Ski & Snowboard (sanctions RMF; freestyle judging follows the FIS ICR).

S Spread

What a good one looks like RMF

  • Arms and legs extend outward, away from the body.
  • Skis stay parallel and the legs spread evenly.
  • The shape is symmetrical and held clearly at the top of the jump.

How air is judged FIS

  • Judges reward purposeful motion: athleticism, control, balance and continuity through the whole jump.
  • The take-off sets the height and distance; the position or spin should be clearly and purposefully displayed.
  • Full control must be regained after the jump — land square to the fall line and absorb it. A poor landing caps the jump and also hurts the turn score.

Sources: Rocky Mountain Freestyle 2025-26 Competition Guide (Jump Definitions); FIS Freestyle Skiing Judging Handbook (Nov 2025), Moguls §6204.3. US Ski & Snowboard (sanctions RMF; freestyle judging follows the FIS ICR).

T Twister

What a good one looks like RMF

  • Skis twist at least 90° to the fall line while staying parallel to each other.
  • The hands and arms may counter-twist to keep balance.
  • Skis come back square before the landing.

How air is judged FIS

  • Judges reward purposeful motion: athleticism, control, balance and continuity through the whole jump.
  • The take-off sets the height and distance; the position or spin should be clearly and purposefully displayed.
  • Full control must be regained after the jump — land square to the fall line and absorb it. A poor landing caps the jump and also hurts the turn score.

Sources: Rocky Mountain Freestyle 2025-26 Competition Guide (Jump Definitions); FIS Freestyle Skiing Judging Handbook (Nov 2025), Moguls §6204.3. US Ski & Snowboard (sanctions RMF; freestyle judging follows the FIS ICR).

K Kosak

What a good one looks like RMF

  • Legs lift and spread forward and to the sides.
  • The torso leans forward to counter the legs.
  • Skis approach vertical and the position is symmetrical.

How air is judged FIS

  • Judges reward purposeful motion: athleticism, control, balance and continuity through the whole jump.
  • The take-off sets the height and distance; the position or spin should be clearly and purposefully displayed.
  • Full control must be regained after the jump — land square to the fall line and absorb it. A poor landing caps the jump and also hurts the turn score.

Sources: Rocky Mountain Freestyle 2025-26 Competition Guide (Jump Definitions); FIS Freestyle Skiing Judging Handbook (Nov 2025), Moguls §6204.3. US Ski & Snowboard (sanctions RMF; freestyle judging follows the FIS ICR).

TS Twister + spread

What a good one looks like RMF

  • First a twister: skis twist at least 90° to the fall line, staying parallel.
  • Then a spread: arms and legs extend out, skis parallel and evenly spread.
  • Each position is shown clearly and distinctly, not blended together.

How air is judged FIS

  • Judges reward purposeful motion: athleticism, control, balance and continuity through the whole jump.
  • The take-off sets the height and distance; the position or spin should be clearly and purposefully displayed.
  • Full control must be regained after the jump — land square to the fall line and absorb it. A poor landing caps the jump and also hurts the turn score.

Sources: Rocky Mountain Freestyle 2025-26 Competition Guide (Jump Definitions); FIS Freestyle Skiing Judging Handbook (Nov 2025), Moguls §6204.3. US Ski & Snowboard (sanctions RMF; freestyle judging follows the FIS ICR).

3 360

What a good one looks like RMF

  • One full rotation on the up-and-down (vertical) axis.
  • The spin stays on-axis, without tilting or corking.
  • The skier spots the landing and finishes square to the fall line.

How air is judged FIS

  • Judges reward purposeful motion: athleticism, control, balance and continuity through the whole jump.
  • The take-off sets the height and distance; the position or spin should be clearly and purposefully displayed.
  • Full control must be regained after the jump — land square to the fall line and absorb it. A poor landing caps the jump and also hurts the turn score.

Sources: Rocky Mountain Freestyle 2025-26 Competition Guide (Jump Definitions); FIS Freestyle Skiing Judging Handbook (Nov 2025), Moguls §6204.3. US Ski & Snowboard (sanctions RMF; freestyle judging follows the FIS ICR).

bT Back tuck

What a good one looks like RMF

  • A single backflip taken up and back into a tuck.
  • The tuck is clear, then the body kicks out to full extension before landing.
  • The landing is square to the fall line and absorbed.

How air is judged FIS

  • Judges reward purposeful motion: athleticism, control, balance and continuity through the whole jump.
  • The take-off sets the height and distance; the position or spin should be clearly and purposefully displayed.
  • Full control must be regained after the jump — land square to the fall line and absorb it. A poor landing caps the jump and also hurts the turn score.

Sources: Rocky Mountain Freestyle 2025-26 Competition Guide (Jump Definitions); FIS Freestyle Skiing Judging Handbook (Nov 2025), Moguls §6204.3. US Ski & Snowboard (sanctions RMF; freestyle judging follows the FIS ICR).

bp Back with position

What a good one looks like RMF

  • A single backflip with an upright position (often an iron cross) inserted.
  • The position is displayed clearly at the top of the flip.
  • The skier extends and lands square and stable.

How air is judged FIS

  • Judges reward purposeful motion: athleticism, control, balance and continuity through the whole jump.
  • The take-off sets the height and distance; the position or spin should be clearly and purposefully displayed.
  • Full control must be regained after the jump — land square to the fall line and absorb it. A poor landing caps the jump and also hurts the turn score.

Sources: Rocky Mountain Freestyle 2025-26 Competition Guide (Jump Definitions); FIS Freestyle Skiing Judging Handbook (Nov 2025), Moguls §6204.3. US Ski & Snowboard (sanctions RMF; freestyle judging follows the FIS ICR).

3p 360 position

What a good one looks like RMF

  • A 360 with a clear upright position held during the spin.
  • The position is shown purposefully, then the skier lands square.

How air is judged FIS

  • Judges reward purposeful motion: athleticism, control, balance and continuity through the whole jump.
  • The take-off sets the height and distance; the position or spin should be clearly and purposefully displayed.
  • Full control must be regained after the jump — land square to the fall line and absorb it. A poor landing caps the jump and also hurts the turn score.

Sources: Rocky Mountain Freestyle 2025-26 Competition Guide (Jump Definitions); FIS Freestyle Skiing Judging Handbook (Nov 2025), Moguls §6204.3. US Ski & Snowboard (sanctions RMF; freestyle judging follows the FIS ICR).

bG Back grab

What a good one looks like RMF

  • A single backflip with a grab.
  • The grab is clearly held and shown to the judges.
  • The skier releases, extends and lands under control.

How air is judged FIS

  • Judges reward purposeful motion: athleticism, control, balance and continuity through the whole jump.
  • The take-off sets the height and distance; the position or spin should be clearly and purposefully displayed.
  • Full control must be regained after the jump — land square to the fall line and absorb it. A poor landing caps the jump and also hurts the turn score.
  • A grab must be clearly held and visible to the judges; a touched or missed grab caps the score.

Sources: Rocky Mountain Freestyle 2025-26 Competition Guide (Jump Definitions); FIS Freestyle Skiing Judging Handbook (Nov 2025), Moguls §6204.3. US Ski & Snowboard (sanctions RMF; freestyle judging follows the FIS ICR).

7op Cork 7 position

What a good one looks like RMF

  • Two full rotations (720) tilted off the vertical axis — a cork.
  • A held position is required and shown through the spin.
  • The rotation stays controlled and the landing is square.

How air is judged FIS

  • Judges reward purposeful motion: athleticism, control, balance and continuity through the whole jump.
  • The take-off sets the height and distance; the position or spin should be clearly and purposefully displayed.
  • Full control must be regained after the jump — land square to the fall line and absorb it. A poor landing caps the jump and also hurts the turn score.
  • An off-axis (cork) spin must show a held position to score in the top range.

Sources: Rocky Mountain Freestyle 2025-26 Competition Guide (Jump Definitions); FIS Freestyle Skiing Judging Handbook (Nov 2025), Moguls §6204.3. US Ski & Snowboard (sanctions RMF; freestyle judging follows the FIS ICR).

7oG Cork 7 grab

What a good one looks like RMF

  • An off-axis 720 (cork) with a grab.
  • The grab is clearly held and shown to the judges.
  • The spin stays controlled and the landing is square and absorbed.

How air is judged FIS

  • Judges reward purposeful motion: athleticism, control, balance and continuity through the whole jump.
  • The take-off sets the height and distance; the position or spin should be clearly and purposefully displayed.
  • Full control must be regained after the jump — land square to the fall line and absorb it. A poor landing caps the jump and also hurts the turn score.
  • A grab must be clearly held and visible to the judges; a touched or missed grab caps the score.
  • An off-axis (cork) spin must show a held position to score in the top range.

Sources: Rocky Mountain Freestyle 2025-26 Competition Guide (Jump Definitions); FIS Freestyle Skiing Judging Handbook (Nov 2025), Moguls §6204.3. US Ski & Snowboard (sanctions RMF; freestyle judging follows the FIS ICR).

Reading a jump code

Codes stack: a base jump plus modifiers, read left to right.

7oG = 7 · 720 spin o · off-axis (cork) G · grab

Numbers are spins (3 = 360, 7 = 720, 10 = 1080). Uprights are capital letters (T, S, D, X, Y, M, K, Z); flips are lowercase b (back) or f (front). Letters after add difficulty:

  • p Position +0.03 — A clear, held shape in the air (tuck, pike, layout).
  • G Grab +0.14 — A hand grabs the ski and holds it, clearly shown to the judges.
  • L Layout — — A straight-body layout position (flips only).
  • o Off-axis — — a spin tilted off vertical (a “cork”), e.g. 7o.

Uprights combine: TS is a twister then a spread. Every extra spin beyond the base adds about 0.17 to the difficulty.

How the jump is scored

Two air judges score each jump out of 10 for form. The two scores are averaged and multiplied by the jump's DoD. Both jumps in a run are added, up to 20 points. Judges look for a clean take-off, a held shape in the air, and a stable landing.

A hard jump with a rough landing can score below a simpler one done cleanly. The two jumps must be different; a repeated jump only counts once, though a grab or an added spin can make it count.

Every jump code

The full FIS mogul code list. Women's DoD runs about 0.10 higher than men's for the same jump. Chips show the levels a code was thrown at this season — RMF levels and FIS for any international event, entry FIS through the World Cup.

Uprights

CodeJumpDoD menDoD womenSeen at
N Neutral upright 0.36 0.46 COMP Devo RQS
S Spread video 0.38 0.48 COMP Devo RQS FIS
T Twister video 0.38 0.48 COMP Devo RQS FIS
D Daffy 0.41 0.51 COMP Devo RQS FIS
X Iron cross 0.41 0.51 Devo RQS FIS
Y Back scratcher 0.41 0.51 Devo FIS
M Mule kick 0.41 0.51 Devo RQS
K Kosak video 0.41 0.51 COMP Devo RQS FIS
Z Zudnick 0.4 0.5 —

Spins

CodeJumpDoD menDoD womenSeen at
3 360 video 0.68 0.78 COMP Devo RQS FIS
3p 360 position video 0.71 0.81 COMP Devo RQS FIS
3G 360 grab 0.82 0.92 COMP RQS FIS
7 720 0.85 0.95 COMP Devo RQS
7p 720 position 0.88 0.98 —
7G 720 grab 1.01 1.11 —
10 1080 1.02 1.12 —
10p 1080 position 1.05 1.15 —
10G 1080 grab 1.2 1.3 FIS

Off-axis spins

CodeJumpDoD menDoD womenSeen at
3o Off-axis 360 0.68 0.78 —
3op Off-axis 360 position 0.71 0.81 —
3oG Off-axis 360 grab 0.82 0.92 FIS
7o Cork 7 0.85 0.95 —
7op Cork 7 position video 0.88 0.98 COMP FIS
7oG Cork 7 grab video 1.01 1.11 COMP FIS
10o Cork 10 1.02 1.12 —
10op Cork 10 position 1.05 1.15 COMP FIS
10oG Cork 10 grab 1.2 1.3 FIS
14o Off-axis 1440 1.19 1.29 —
14op Off-axis 1440 position 1.22 1.32 FIS
14oG Off-axis 1440 grab 1.39 1.49 —

Flips

CodeJumpDoD menDoD womenSeen at
bT Back tuck video 0.68 0.78 COMP FIS
bP Back pike 0.68 0.78 COMP
bL Back lay 0.7 0.8 COMP FIS
bp Back with position video 0.71 0.81 COMP FIS
bG Back grab video 0.82 0.92 COMP FIS
bF Back full 0.88 0.98 COMP FIS
bdF Back double full 1.05 1.15 FIS
btF Back triple full 1.22 1.32 —
fT Front tuck 0.68 0.78 COMP FIS
fP Front pike 0.68 0.78 COMP
fp Front position 0.71 0.81 COMP
fG Front grab 0.82 0.92 FIS
fF Front full 0.88 0.98 —

Loops

CodeJumpDoD menDoD womenSeen at
l Loop 0.68 0.78 FIS
lp Loop position 0.71 0.81 —
lG Loop grab 0.82 0.92 COMP FIS
lF Loop full 0.85 0.95 —
lpF Loop position full 0.88 0.98 —
lGF Loop grab full 1.01 1.11 —

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Names and definitions from the Rocky Mountain Freestyle 2025-26 Competition Guide; degree of difficulty from the FIS mogul DD table.